That's great. And pointless. Just because you're trying to be a pseudo-intellectual by reading doesn't mean you will actually become an intellectual.

I can ramble off a handful of poets/writers that'll disagree with you.

quote:

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I smoke once a week and am currently reading "The Republic" (written by Plato).

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That's great. And pointless. Just because you're trying to be a pseudo-intellectual by reading doesn't mean you will actually become an intellectual.

quote:

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And I also don't think that ifo on erowid.org are credible whatsoever.

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ACTUALLY, it is very credible, it was in the news that doctors actually use it when they have to treat drug overdoses.

I love your PRO AMERICAN FREEDOM!!!!!!!!!! RIGHT ON! lets take peoples freedoms and flush them down the toliet! this is the AMERICAN way, you have to go around killing everyone just to prove your freedom.

Erowid.org is an online library of information about psychoactive plants and chemicals and related topics. The information on the site is a compilation of the experiences, words, and efforts of hundreds of individuals including users, parents, health professionals, doctors, therapists, chemists, researchers, teachers, and lawyers. Erowid acts as a publisher of new information as well as a library for the collection of documents published elsewhere. The information found on the site spans the spectrum from solid peer reviewed research to fanciful creative writing.

The library contains over 20,000 documents related to psychoactives including images, research summaries & abstracts, media articles, experience reports, information on chemistry, dosage, effects, law, health, traditional & spiritual use, and drug testing. Over 25,000 people visit the site each day, making more than 6 million unique visitors in the past year.

Erowid itself is a small non-commercial organization that has operated for more than 6 years in the controversial and politically challenging niche of trying to provide accurate, specific, and responsible information about how psychoactives are used in the United States and around the world. We are committed to protecting the privacy of contributors and reporting on the topic non-judgementally. Although our primary focus is on the web site, we also provide research and data for other harm reduction, health, and educational organizations.

Although the risks and problems are widely discussed, it's also clear that psychoactive plants and chemicals have played a positive role in many people's lives. As our culture struggles with integrating the increasing variety and availability of these substances into its political and social structures, new educational models are clearly needed. Erowid is founded on the belief that a healthy relationship with psychoactives is one grounded in balance, where use is part of an active, intellectual, physical, and spiritual life.


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If you don't think drugs have done good things for us then do me a favor. Go take all of your records,tapes and all your CD's and burn them. Because, you know all those musicians who made all that great music that's enhanced your lives throughout the years? Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrreal f***ing high on drugs, man.

[This message was edited by bauhaus on May 31, 2004 at 12:51 AM.]

I am appauled at the ignorance of the illegal substance addicts. I suppose another side affect of pot that can be added to the list is ignorance. None of those substances (Alcohol, nicotine, and especially not pot) are "benificial". That is the stupidest thing I have ever heard. And I also don't think that ifo on erowid.org are credible whatsoever.


"Freedom is not free"-Korean War Memorial, Washington DC.

quote:

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If you are going to condem weed you have a much better chance condeming ciggerates. I bet that's something the DARE program never taught you, that weed is actually a much more benifical substance than ciggerates, and much, much, much better than alcohol. Please, think for yourself

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I never said THOSE were a real smart idea either. Weed harms your body, so it's stupid.

-Lydia

How do you know how much tobacco smokers smoke? What is your basis for your statement of half a pack a day? Your answer will be the same as mine regarding pot.

"In other words, it increases your chances of having an episode if you all ready have the likelyhood to develop mental illness in the first place!" - Exaclty

"And if you have that predispostion, ANYTHING can trigger an episode." - This is not true and I would like you to provide me with evidence to prove your statement.

Footnotes are useless they are corresponded to a direct statement or fact. I highly doubt you used 92 sources for you last statement.

Most people who smoke marijuana do not do it once and awhile. They do it on a regular basis so their short term memory is always affected.

How do you know how often "most" stoners smoke and how do you define "refular basis". As it takes a few weeks for the effects of memory loss to wear off, yes, most stoners regularly have that loss of memory. But AS I'VE STRESSED CONTINUALLY IT DOESN'T LOWER INTELLIGENCE IT SIMPLY MAKES ONE MORE FORGETFUL! We are not talking about something that makes one any stupider or less likely to succeed in life. The "braindead stoner" sterotype is and has always been complete propaganda, created by the government (at least once their claims that weed would make a black man look twice at a white woman became outdated). Everyone forgets their keys once in awhile. We are talking about a supremly minature con, which does not majorly affect anyones life and of which I have never disputed.

My boyfriend has an IQ of 180 and he smokes everyday. A very good friend of mine smokes at least every other day and she gets straight A's. I smoke once a week and am currently reading "The Republic" (written by Plato).

If it triggers mental illness, then it causes mental illness.

Can trigger mental illness in those all ready predisposted to mental illness. In other words, it increases your chances of having an episode if you all ready have the likelyhood to develop mental illness in the first place! And if you have that predispostion, ANYTHING can trigger an episode. Would you then avoid crowds? How about running for student office? Pursuing a relationship? Going to school? If you live life and plan on being successful, you're going to be in situations that can cause stress, and guess what? That can cause an episode in a person with a predispostion for one.


Furthermore, The sites I link to either are medical sites (medical journals, etc) or get their information from medical sites, journals and other educated unbiased sources. They also indicate exactly which quotes come from what source. I deleted those indications so my post wasn't even longer than it all ready was, in service to those who aren't debating this, who don't want that much information. If you had actually read the information on the links I sited, you would have noticed they are all either medical sites, or pulled from said sites in the footnotes.

Want the footnotes?
1. Grinspoon, L., Marihuana Reconsidered, Cambridge: University of Harvard Press (1971); Kaplan, J., Marijuana: The New Prohibition, New York: World Publishing Company 1970); Brecher, E.M., Licit and Illicit Drugs, Boston: Little, Brown and Company (1972).

2. U.S. National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse, Marijuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1972); Canadian Government's Commission of Inquiry, The Non-Medical Use of Drugs: Interim Report, Ottawa (1970).

3. Himmelstein, J., The Strange Career of Marijuana: Politics and Ideology of Decriminalization in America, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press (1983); Single, E.W., "The Impact of Marijuana Decriminalization: An Update," Journal of Public Health Policy 10:456-66 (1989).

4. Carter, W.E. (ed), Cannabis in Costa Rica: A Study of Chronic Marijuana Use, Philadelphia: Institute for Study of Human Issues (1980); Rubin, V. and Comitas, L., Ganja in Jamaica, The Hague: Mouton (1975); Stefanis, C. et al, Hashish: Studies of Long Term Use, New York: Raven Press (1977).

5. Preliminary Estimates From the 1993 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1994).

6. Johnston, L.D. et al, Monitoring the Future, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research (1994).

7. Ennett, S.T, et al, "How Effective is Drug Abuse Resistance Education? A Meta-Analysis of Project DARE Outcome Evaluations," American Journal of Public Health 84:1394-1401 (1994).

8. ElSohly, M.A. et al, "Constituents of Cannabis Sativa L XXIV: The Potency of Confiscated Marijuana, Hashish, and Hash Oil Over a Ten-year Period," Journal of Forensic Sciences 29:500-14 (1984).

9. Perry, D., "Street Drug Analysis and Drug Use Trends, Part II, 1969-1976," PharmChem Newsletter 6 (1977).

10. Rubin, V., "Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis," pp 1-18 in S. Cohen and R.C. Stillman (eds), The Therapeutic Potential of Marijuana, New York: Plenum Medical Book Company (1976).

11. Chang, A.E. et al, "Delta-Nine-Tetrahydrocannabinol as an Antiemetic in Cancer Patients Receiving High-Dose Methotrexate: A Prospective Randomized Evaluation, Annals of Internal Medicine 91: 819-24 (1979).

12.Hepler, R.S. and Frank, I.R., "Marijuana Smoking and Intracular Pressure," Journal of the American Medical Association 217: 1392 (1971).

13. Petro, D.J., "Marijuana as a Therapeutic Agent for Muscle Spasm or Spasticity," Psychosomatics 21: 81-85 (1980).

14. Grinspoon, L. and Bakalar, J.B, Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine, New Haven: Yale University Press (1993).

15. Vinciguerra, V. et al, "Inhalation Marijuana as an Antiemetic for Cancer Chemotherapy," New York State Journal of Medicine 85:525-27 (1988); Dansac, D., "In the Matter of Marijuana Rescheduling Petition," Affidafit filed in Drug Enforcement Adminstration Hearings, Docket 86-22 (1987).

16. Doblin, R. and Kleiman, M.A.R., "Marijuana as an Anti-Emetic Medicine: A Survey of Oncologists' Attitudes and Experiences," Journal of Clinical Oncology 19: 1275-1290 (1991).

17. Agurell, S. et al, "Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Delta-1-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Other Cannabinoids with Emphasis on Man," Pharmacological Reviews 38: 21-43 (1986).

18. Cohen, S., "Therapeutic Aspects," pp 194-225 in R.C. Petersen (ed) Marijuana Research Findings: 1976, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1977); Cohen, S. and Stillman, R.C. (eds), The Therapeutic Potential of Marijuana, New York: Plenum Medical Book Company (1976); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Marijuana and Health, Report to Congress (1980).

19. "Members of Congress Voice Support for Marijuana/AIDS Research," Newsletter of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies 5,3 (Winter 1995).

20. Drug Enforcement Administration, Drug Legalization: Myths and Misconceptions, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice (1994).

21. Huber, G.L. et al, "The Effects of Marihuana on the Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems," pp 3-18 in G. Chesher et al (eds), Marijuana: an International Research Report, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service (1988).

22. Tashkin, D.P. et al, "Longitudinal Changes in Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function in Non-smokers, Tobacco Smokers, and Heavy, Habitual Smokers of Marijuana With or Without Tobacco," pp 25-36 in G. Chesher et al (eds), Marijuana: an International Research Report, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service (1988).

23. Sherrill, D.L. et al, "Respiratory Effects of Non-Tobacco Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Study in General Population," International Journal of Epidemiology 20: 132-37 (1991).

24. Fligiel, S.E.G. et al, "Bronchial Pathology in Chronic Marijuana Smokers: A Light Electron Microscope Study," Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 20:33-42 (1988).

25. Doblin, R., "The MAPS/California NORML/Marijuana Waterpipe/Vaporizer Study," Newsletter of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies 5,1 (Summer 1994).

26. Nahas, G.G. et al, "Inhibition of Cellular Mediated Immunity in Marijuana Smokers," Science 183:419-20 (1974).

27. Lau, R.J. et al, "Phytohemagglutinin-Induced Lymphocyte Transformation in Humans Receiving Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol," Science 192: 805-07 (1976); White, S.C. et al, "Mitogen-Induced Blastogenetic Responses to Lymphocytes from Marijuana Smokers," Science 188: 71-72 (1975).


28. Wallace, J.M. et al, "Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Mitogen Responsiveness in Tobacco and Marijuana Smokers," Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 20:9-14 (1988).

29. Mishkin, E.M. and Cabral, G.A., "Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Decreases Host Resistance to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Vaginal Infection in the BGC3F1 Mouse," Journal of General Virology 66:2539-49 (1985).

30. Carter, W.E. (ed), Cannabis in Costa Rica: A Study of Chronic Marijuana Use, Philadelphia: Institute for Study of Human Issues (1980); Rubin, V. and Comitas, L., Ganja in Jamaica, The Hague: Mouton (1975); Stefanis, C. et al, Hashish: Studies of Long Term Use, New York: Raven Press (1977).

31. Coates, R.A. et al, "Cofactors of Progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a Cohort of Male Sexual Contacts of Men with Immunodeficiency Virus Disease," American Journal of Epidemiology 132: 717-22 (1990).

32. Plasse, T.F. et al, "Recent Clinical Experience with Dronabinol," Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 40:695-700 (1991).

33. Lynn, A.B. and Herkenham, M., "Localization of Cannabinoid Receptors and Nonsaturable High Density Cannabinoid Binding Sites in Peripheral Tissues of the Rat: Implications for Receptor-Mediated Immune Modulation by Cannabinoids," Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 268: 1612-23 (1994).

34. Kolodny, R.C. et al, "Depression of Plasma Testosterone Levels After Chronic Intensive Marijuana Use," New England Journal of Medicine 290:872-74 (1974).

35. Kolodny, R.C. et al, "Depression of Plasma Testosterone with Acute Marijuana Administration," pp 217-25 in M.C. Braude and S. Szara (eds), Pharmacology of Marijuana, New York: Raven Press (1976).

36. Mendelson, G.D. et al, "Plasma Testosterone Levels Before, During, and After Chronic Marijuana Smoking," New England Journal of Medicine 291:1051-55 (1975); Schaefer, C.F. et al, "Normal Plasma Testosterone Concentrations After Marijuana Smoking," New England Journal of Medicine 292:867-68 (1975).

37. Hembree, W.C. et al, "Changes in Human Spermatozoa Associated with High Dose Marijuana Smoking," pp 429-39 in G.G. Nahas and W.D.M. Paton (eds), Marijuana: Biological Effects, Oxford: Pergamon Press (1979).

38. Fijimoto, G.I. et al, "Effect of Marijuana Extract Given Orally on Male Rat Reproduction and Gonads," Proceedings of Sixth Annual Meetings of Endocrinology Society (1978); Okey, A.B. and Truant, G.S., "Cannabis Demasculinizes Rats But Is Not Estrogenic," Life Sciences 17:1113-18 (1975).

39. Block, R.I. et al, "Effects of Chronic Marijuana Use on Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Prolactin and Cortisol in Men and Women," Drug and Alcohol Dependence 28:121-8 (1991).

40. Smith, C.G. and Asch, R.H., "Acute, Short-Term, and Chronic Effects of Marijuana on the Female Primate Reproductive Function," pp 82-96 in M.C. Braude and J.P. Ludford (eds), Marijuana Effects on the Endocrine and Reproductive Systems, Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services (1984).


41. Smith, C.G. et al, "Tolerance Develops to the Disruptive Effects of Delta 9 Tetrahydrocannabinol on the Primate Menstrual Cycle," Science 219:1453-55 (1983).

42. Copeland, K.C. et al, "Marijuana Smoking and Pubertal Arrest," Journal of Pediatrics 96:1079-80 (1980).

43. Tennes, A., "Effects of Marijuana on Pregnancy and Fetal Development in the Human," pp 115-23 in M.C. Braude and J. P, Ludford (eds), Marijuana Effects on the Endocrine and Reproductive Systems, Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services (1984).

44. Astley, S., "Analysis of Facial Shape in Children Gestationally Exposed to Marijuana, Alcohol, and/or Cocaine," Pediatrics 89:67-77 (1992); Day, N. et al, "Prenatal Marijuana Use and Neonatal Outcome," Neurotoxicology and Teratology 13:329-34 (1992); Linn, S. et al, "The Association of Marijuana Use with Outcome of Pregnancy," American Journal of Public Health 73:1161-64 (1983).

45. Hayes, J. et al, "Newborn Outcomes with Maternal Marijuana Use in Jamaican Women," Pediatric Nursing 14(2):107-10 (1988); Streissguth, A.P. et al, "IQ at Age 4 in Relation to Maternal Alcohol Use and Smoking During Pregnancy," Developmental Psychology 25: 3-11 (1989); Richardson, G.A. et al, "The Effect of Prenatal Alcohol, Marijuana and Tobacco Exposure on Neonatal Behavior," Infant Behavioral Development 12: 199-209 (1989); O'Connell, C.M. and Fried, P.A., "Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis: A Preliminary Report of Postnatal Consequences in School-Age Children," Neurotoxicology and Teratology 13: 631-39 (1991); Fried, P.A. et al, "60- and 72-Month Follow-Up of Children Prenatally Exposed to Marijuana, Cigarettes and Alcohol," Journal of Developmental Behavior and Pediatrics 13: 383-91 (1992); Dreher, M.C. et al, "Prenatal Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes in Jamaica: An Ethnographic Study," Pediatrics 93: 254-60 (1994).

46. Buckley, J.D. et al, "Occupational Exposure of Parents of Children with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia: A Report from the Children's Cancer Study Group," Cancer Research 49:4030-37 (1989).

47. Fried, P.A., "Postnatal Consequences of Maternal Marijuana Use," pp 61-72 in T.M. Pinkert (ed), Current Research on the Consequences of Maternal Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; Fried, P.A. and B. Watkinson, "12- and 24-Month Neurobehavioral Follow-Up of Children Prenatally Exposed to Marijuana, Cigarettes and Alcohol," Neurotoxicology and Teratology 10: 305-13 (1988)

48. Fried, P.A. and B. Watkinson, "36- and 48-Month Neurobehavioral Follow-Up of Children Prenatally Exposed to Marijuana, Cigarettes, and Alcohol," Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics11: 49-58 (1990).

49. Fried, P.A. et al, "A Follow-Up Study of Attentional Behavior in 6-Year-Old Children Exposed Prenatally to Marijuana, Cigarettes, and Alcohol," Neurotoxicology and Teratology 14: 299-311 (1992).

50. Day, N.L. et al, "Effect of Prenatal Marijuana Exposure on the Cognitive Development of Offspring at Age Three," Neurotoxicology and Teratology 16: 169-75 (1994).

51. Heath, B.C. et al, "Cannabis Sativa: Effects on Brain Function and Ultrastructure in Rhesus Monkeys," Biological Psychiatry 15:657 (1980).

52. Scallet, A.C., "Neurotoxicology of Cannabis and THC: A Review of Chronic Exposure Studies in Animals," Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 40:671-82 (1991).

53. Slikker, W. et al, "Behavioral, Neurochemical, and Neurohistological Effects of Chronic Marijuana Smoke Exposure in the Nonhuman Primate," pp 219-74 in L. Murphy and A. Bartke (eds), Marijuana/Cannabinoids Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Boca Raton: CRC Press (1992).

54. Weckowicz, T.E. et al, "Effect of Marijuana on Divergent and Convergent Production Cognitive Tests," Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84:386-98 (1975); Hooker, W.D., and Jones, R.T., "Increased Susceptibility to Memory Intrusions and the Stroop Interference Effect During Acute Marijuana Intoxication," Psychopharmacology 91: 20-24 (1987); Waskow, I.E. et el, "Psychological Effects of Tetrahydrocannabinol," Archives of General Psychiatry 22: 97-107 (1970); Dornbush, R.L. and Kokkevi, A., "Acute Effects of Cannabis on Cognitive, Perceptual, and Motor Performance in Chronic Hashish Users," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282: 213-22 (1976).

55. Darley, C.F. et al, "Marijuana Effects on Long-Term Memory Assessment and Retrieval," Psychopharmacology 52:239-41 (1977); Abel, E.L., "Retrieval of Information After Use of Marijuana," pp 121-24 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific Study of Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976); Abel, E.L., "Marijuana and Memory: Acquisition or Retrieval?" pp 125-32 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific Study of Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976).

56. Abel, E.L., "Marijuana and Memory: Acquisition or Retrieval?" pp 125-32 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific Study of Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976); Miller, L. et al, "Effects of Marijuana on Recall of Narrative Material and Stroop Colour-Word Performance," pp 117-20 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific Study of Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976); Dornbush, R.L. et al, "Marijuana, Memory, and Perception," pp 133-40 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific Study of Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976).

57. Ferraro, D.P., "Acute Effects of Marijuana on Human Memory and Cognition," pp 98-119 in R.C. Petersen (ed) Marijuana Research Findings: 1980, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1980).

58. Satz, P. et al, "Neuropsychologic, Intellectual, and Personality Correlates of Chronic Marijuana Use in Native Costa Ricans," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282: 266-306 (1976); Grant, I. et al, "A Neuropsychological Assessment of the Effects of Moderate Marijuana Use," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 156: 278-80 (1973); Knights, R., "Psychological Test Results," pp 111-20 in V. Rubin and L. Comitas (eds), Ganja in Jamaica, The Hague: Mouton (1975); Page, J.B., "Psychosociocultural Perspectives on Chronic Cannabis Use: The Costa Rican Follow-Up," Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 20: 57-65 (1988); Carlin, A.S. and Trupin, E.W., "The Effect of Long-Term Chronic Marijuana Use on Neuropsychological Functioning," International Journal of the Addictions 12:617-24 (1977).

59. Preliminary Estimates from the 1993 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1994).

60. Johnston, L.D. et al, Drug Use Among American High School Seniors, College Students and Young Adults, 1975-1990,Vol II, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1991), p 31.

61. Jones, R.T. et al, "Clinical Studies of Cannabis Tolerance and Dependence," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282:221-39 (1976).

62. Stefanis. C. et al, "Experimental Observations of a 3-Day Hashish Abstinence Period and Reintroduction of Use," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282:113-20 (1976); Cohen, S. et al, "The 94-Day Study," pp 621-26 in M.C. Braude and S. Szara (eds), The Pharmacology of Marijuana, New York: Raven Press (1976). < A NAME="note63">

63. Deneau, G.A. and Kaymakcalan, S., "Physiological and Psychological Dependence to Synthetic Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Rhesus Monkeys," Pharmacologist13:246 (1971).

64. Martin, B.R., "Marijuana: What It Is and What It Does," Presentation at NIDA's National Conference on Marijuana Use Prevention, Treatment and Research," Arlington, VA (July 1995).

65. Gold, M.S., The Good News About Drugs and Alcohol, New York: Villard Books (1991).

66. Jacobs, J.B. and Zimmer, L., "Drug Treatment and Workplace Drug Testing: Politics, Symbolism and Organizational Dilemmas," Behavioral Sciences and the Law 9:345-60 (1991).

67. Annual Emergency Room Data, 1990, National Institute on Drug Abuse Statistical Series, Series I, Number 10-A, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1991); Annual Emergency Room Data, 1992, National Institute on Drug Abuse Statistical Series, Series I, Number 12-A, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1993); Preliminary Estimates from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Advance Report Number 8, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1994).

68. McGlothlin, H.W. and West, L.J., "The Marijuana Problem: An Overview," American Journal of Psychiatry 125:1126-34 (1968); Smith, D.E., "The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Marijuana," Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 2:37-48 (1968).

69. Brill, N.O. and Christie, R.L., "Marijuana Use and Psychosocial Adaptation," Archives of General Psychiatry 31:713-19 (1974); Kupfer, D.J. et al, "A Comment on the Amotivational Syndrome in Marijuana Smokers," American Journal of Psychiatry 130:1319-22 (1973).

70. Kleinman, P.H. et al, "Daily Marijuana Use and Problem Behaviors Among Adolescents," International Journal of Addictions 23:87-107 (1988).

71. Mellinger, G.D. et al, "Drug Use, Academic Performance, and Career Indecision: Longitudinal Data in Search of a Model," pp 157-77 in D.B. Kandel (ed), Longitudinal Research on Drug Use: Empirical Findings and Methodological Issues, Washington, DC: Hemisphere (1978).

72. Mellinger, G.D. et al, "The Amotivational Syndrome and the College Student," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282:37-55 (1976).

73. Miranne. H.C., "Marijuana Use and Achievement Orientations of College Students," Journal of Health and Social Behavior 20:194-99 (1979).

74. Cohen, S., "The 94-Day Cannabis Study," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282:211-20 (1976).

75. Mendelson, J.H. et al, "The Effects of Marijuana Use on Human Operant Behavior: Individual Data," pp 643-53 in M.C. Braude and S. Szara (eds), The Pharmacology of Marijuana, Vol 2, New York: Raven Press (1976).

76. Campbell, I., "The Amotivational Syndrome and Cannabis use with Emphasis on the Canadian Scene," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282:33-36.

77. McBay, A.J. and Owens, S.M., "Marijuana and Driving," pp 257-63 in L.S. Harris (ed) Problems of Drug Dependence 1980, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1981); Teale, J.D. et al, "The Incidence of Cannabinoids in Fatally Impaired Drivers: An Investigation by Radioimmunoassay and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography," Journal of the Forensic Science Society 17:177-83 (1978).

78. Terhune, K.W. et al, The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers, Washington, DC: Department of Transportation (1994).

79. Brookoff, D. et al, "Testing Reckless Drivers for Cocaine and Marijuana," New England Journal of Medicine 331:518-22 (1994).

80. Kv'alseth, T.O., "Effects of Marijuana on Human Reaction Time and Motor Control," Perceptual and Motor Skills 45:935-39 (1977); Hansteen, R.W. et al, "Effects of Cannabis and Alcohol on Automobile Driving and Psychomotor Tracking," Annals of New York Academy of Sciences 282:240-56 (1976); Moskowitz, H. et al, "Marijuana: Effects on Simulated Driving Performance," Accident Analysis and Prevention 8:45-50 (1976); Moskowitz, H. et al, "Visual Search Behavior While Viewing Driving Scenes Under the Influence of Alcohol and Marijuana," Human Factors 18:417-31 (1976).

81. Stein, A.C. et al, A Simulator Study of the Combined Effects of Alcohol and Marijuana on Driving Behavior-Phase II, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation (1983).

82. Robbe, H. and O'Hanlon, J., Marijuana and Actual Driving Performance, Washington, DC: Department of Transportation (1993).

83. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1990; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Preliminary Estimates from the 1993 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

84. Johnston, L.D. et al, Monitoring the Future, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research (1994).

85. Cohen, P.D.A., Cannabisgebruikers in Amsterdam, Jaarbeurs Congrescentrum Utrecht (1995).

86. Leuw, E. and Marshall, I.H. (eds)., Between Prohibition and Legalization: The Dutch Experiment in Drug Policy, Amsterdam: Kugler Publications (1994).

87. Netherlands Institute for Alcohol and Drugs, "Cannabis Policy Fact Sheet," Netherlands Alcohol and Drug Report 1 (1995); Leuw, E., "Initial Construction and Development of the Official Dutch Drug Policy," pp 23-40 in E. Leuw and I.H. Marshall (eds), Between Prohibition and Legalization: The Dutch Experiment in Drug Policy, Amsterdam: Kugler Publications (1994).

88. de Zwart, W.M. et al, Key Data: Smoking, Drinking, Drug Use and Gambling Among Pupils Aged 10 Years and Older, Utrecht: Netherlands Institute on Alcohol and Drugs (1994). 89. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1990, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1991); Preliminary Estimates from the 1993 Household Survey on Drug Abuse, Advance Report Number 7, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1994).

90. National Survey Results on Drug Use, from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1993, Volume I, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1994).

91. de Zwart, W.M. et al, Key Data: Smoking, Drinking, Drug Use and Gambling Among Pupils Aged 10 Years and Older, Utrecht: Netherlands Institute on Alcohol and Drugs (1994).

92. "The Drug Policy in the Netherlands," Joint Report of the Ministry of Welfare, Health and Cultural Affairs and the Ministry of Justice (1994).

Furthermore, I checked on the footnotes in your article. Ones link to the footnotes didn't work. The other listed five sources. And it didn't indicate what quote or piece of information was from what source. I also reread the entire page, and I have to wonder how you can call my page biased, and then site a page that advertises the National Youth Anti-Drug Campaign, and the Office of National Drug Control Policy.

"In the future, please site medical records. Government page articles intended to encourage teens not to use drugs are biased, and more importantly, not medically sound or accurate. " - This is an outrageous request. Government pages get thier information from medical studies, they do not make up results. Go to any website that make a claim and they will provide you with their references. If they don't list them, ask them for the references.

"It does not make you do poorly in school." Most people who smoke marijuana do not do it once and awhile. They do it on a regular basis so their short term memory is always affected.

If you don't want me to give government proof, then don't give proof from the Erowid Cannabis Vault.

As for mental illness - you're qoute says it all...""Does cannabis cause mental illness? Most experts believe it doesn't - but it may trigger problems in people with a pre-disposition to mental illness. " If it triggers mental illness, then it causes mental illness.

You're arguement is flawed and biased.

yeah a blunt would be nice, i hit a gravity bong earlier. its 530 in the morning and im still drinking a 40, i gotta be at work at 7.

BTW thank you daveman. *runs up and hugs daveman and then offers to share a blunt with him*

Minors do not have the right to vote, drive, enter into the army, drink, smoke tobacco, or view R rated movies (legally speaking, or until they are 21, 16, 17, etc for things such as drinking or driving). We are entitled to freedom of speech, as well as all of the other rights of being an American. Why else, when a police officer is outside a teenage party, can they refuse to let him in if he does not have probable cause that something illegal is going on? (smells weed from ouside, sees open beer cans from doorway, etc). Why can teens refuse to say the pledge of alligance if they don't want to? Why have teens won dresscode battles involving theoir right to wear a cross or other articles of religious dress? Because WE DO HAVE RIGHTS


"THC (the active ingredient in marijuana) affects damages the nerve cells in the part of the brain where memories are formed, making it hard to remember things. "
"A single joint contains four times as much cancer-causing tar as a filtered cigarette. "
"Marijuana can limit your body's ability to fight off infection. It can increase your heart rate and lead to frequent chest colds. Some research even shows that long-term marijuana use can increase the risk of developing certain mental illnesses."

In the future, please site medical records. Government page articles intended to encourage teens not to use drugs are biased, and more importantly, not medically sound or accurate.

1. Marjiana causes temporary memory damage, true. But it is purely temporary, and along the lines of forgetting ones keys. It does not make one any less intelligent or unable to form ideas. It does not lower learning ability. It does not make you do poorly in school.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12412835&dopt=Abstract

2. True. One blunt, lung cancer damage wise, is equal to half a pack of ciggerates. BUT lets figure something out here first. The average smoker of tobacco probably smokes...how much? Half a pack a day at least? More like 2-3 packs a day. The average stoner? As one gets stoned after a few puffs, I very much doubt a stoner would average more than half a blunt (blunts are typically group activities, and are shared). I personally don't even smoke a blunt a week. And the only reason blunts are equal to half a pack of ciggerates in lung damage is because they are always unfiltered. Note your quote says, a joint contains four times as much cancer causing tar as a FILTERED cigerate. A filter blocks out a whole lot of tar. Why are marjiana joints or blunts always unfiltered? Because their illegal. If they were legalized smokers would breath in a whole lot less tar and they would be much, much, MUCH, less likely to cause cancer than cigerates. So, in our governments decision to make weed illegal, they make it worse for you than it would have been (which is still not nearly as bad as cigerates).

3. Now here's the bull. You're referring to a 1970s study that was disproven a long time ago.

"The principal study fueling the original claim of immune impairment involved preparations created with white blood cells that had been removed from marijuana smokers and controls. After exposing the cells to known immune activators, researchers reported a lower rate of "transformation" in those taken from marijuana smokers. However, numerous groups of scientists, using similar techniques, have failed to confirm this original study."

"There have been no clinical or epidemiological studies showing an increase in bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection among human marijuana users. In three large field studies conducted in the 1970s, in Jamaica, Costa Rica and Greece, researchers found no differences in disease susceptibility between marijuana users and matched controls."

http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_myth5.shtml

Mental illness? Nope. Sorry.
"Does cannabis cause mental illness? Most experts believe it doesn't - but it may trigger problems in people with a pre-disposition to mental illness. "

http://www.mhcs.health.nsw.gov.au/health-public-affairs/mhcs/publications/5135.html

BTW HING can trigger an episode in a person predisposited to mental illness.

4. Lower testerone or sperm count? Nada. Once again you're referring to an old experiment from the 70s (1974 to be exact) that has since been disproven, as no one has been able to replica the test results.

"There is no evidence that marijuana impairs male reproductive functioning. In 1974, researchers reported diminished testosterone, reduced sexual function and abnormal sperm cells in males identified as chronic marijuana users. In a laboratory study, the same researchers reported an acute decrease in testosterone, but no chronic effect after nine weeks of smoking; they did not evaluate sperm volume or quality. In other laboratory studies, researchers have been generally unable to replicate these findings, although by administering very high THC doses - up to 20 cigarettes per day for 30 days - one study found a slight decrease in sperm concentrations. In all studies, test results remained within normal ranges and probably would not have affected actual fertility. More importantly, in both the human and animal laboratory studies, all observed changes were reversed once THC administration was halted."

Ovulation changes? Sort of, but according to the same test women would develop a tolerance for the menstral changes and go back to a normal cycle in time. It has never been proven to interfer with female fertility.

"Animal studies show hormonal changes and depressed ovulation following extremely high daily doses of THC. As occurs with males, these changes disappear once the experiment is completed. In addition, when THC was administered to female monkeys for an entire year, they developed tolerance to its hormonal effects and normal cycles were reestablished."

"There have been no epidemiological studies indicating diminished fertility in female users of marijuana, and a recent survey found no impact of chronic marijuana use on female sex hormones."

http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_myth6.shtml

Furthermore, Bushsupporter, until this reply I don't think I ever said I did any drugs whatsoever. Not everyone who believes individuals should be entitled to decide what they want to put into their bodies, or that some substances are not nearly as dangerious as the government would have us believe, are doing those said substances. But in this instance your right, I do smoke pot. BUT I am also in favor of legalization of all drugs out there (from ecstecy to heroin) but I've never touched anything except alcohol and weed. I've never even smoked a cigerate, case be told.

I won't go into my opinions on you getting your own friends arrested, except to say that as over fifty percent of people have smoked pot in their lifetime, I don't think it's going to make you very popular.

Marine has done a wonderful job, single-handedly, of refuting the insanity that is being spouted from the mouth of all of you. Minors do not have all rights guaranteed in the Constitution, but the fact is that there is not, never was, and not intended to be a "universal right of privacy" if there was supposed to be one, there would be. Let remember that the founder of the Great America were the smartest men in the history of mankind. They didn't just forget stuff. Random drug testing on minors participating in uot of class activities should and will be tested for drugs. If you dont like it, dont participate, or how about this... DONT DO THE DRUGS IN THE FIRST PLACE. I think that would solve the problem. If you are against this then you should be against DUI checkpoints and other random "searches and seizures".

On a lighter note, I wish I new who Samantha was so I could alert the authorities to her illegal activities. I have been responsible for the arrest and incarceration of 7 of my former freinds for the possesion of illegal substances and wouldnt hesitate to do it again.


"Freedom is not Free"-Korean War Memorial, Washington DC.

Easy Samantha15, don'ta rgue with me about constiutionality - argue with the Supreme Court.

Besides students are dependents. ependents have less rights than adults. A dependent doesn't always have freedom of speach in their parent's house and no one ever get arrested

Also, I don't have the right to buy a hand gun because I am not 21. So by your logic this I should be able to have one, even if I was two years old.

As for marijuana not hurting anyone...

"THC (the active ingredient in marijuana) affects damages the nerve cells in the part of the brain where memories are formed, making it hard to remember things. "

"A single joint contains four times as much cancer-causing tar as a filtered cigarette. "

"Marijuana can limit your body's ability to fight off infection. It can increase your heart rate and lead to frequent chest colds. Some research even shows that long-term marijuana use can increase the risk of developing certain mental illnesses."

<http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/govpubs/phd641/>

"Chronic doses of THC lowered testosterone production and reduced sperm production, motility and viability in animals. It also disrupts ovulation. It's not known whether these effects occur in people who take THC over long periods of time." - all you evolutionists will have to agree that this imples marijuana will harm reporductivity of humans.


<http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/SA/00097.html>

well said

Yes, Moby Dick is a lot more than the hunting of a whale. Such as the horrible reality of human society trying to control nature to our whim, and make it conform to the industrulized nature of our world?

Not unconstitutional Marine16?

Amendment IV:

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html#amendmentiv

I believe random drug testing would be covered under "searching their persons without a warrent or probable cause"

The government is not always correct when they declare something not to be unconstitutional. I would say that making drugs illegal in the first place is if not unconstitutional certainly against the laws of nature. If a person is not harming anyone else, is it any other persons right to dictate what he or she puts into their bodies?



"It doesn't matter how smart a stoner is, they're still doing something insanely stupid that is only going to harm them and is also against the law."

-Lydia


Insanely stupid? By what accounts? Is it incredibly stupid because it is illegal? By that notion the hippies who marched against the Vietnam war in the 60s and got arrested for it were "doing something incredibly stupid". By that notion our country was "doing something incredibly stupid" when it revolted against England, or for that matter any person or group was wrong to rally, petition or revolt against the governments doings when they disagreed with them for fear that they might get arrested. And if everyone sat around and did nothing nothing would ever change or get resolved.

Going to harm them? Says who? Well, if you're talking about hardcore drugs such as heroin or coke I won't even try to disagree with you (though I still believe they have the right to put what they will in their bodies as long as they're not hurting anyone). But something such as weed?

The only side effects of marjiana are increased chance of lung cancer (less than or about the same amount of increased chance as ciggerates) and forgetfullness for a few weeks (forgetting keys, etc). It has NEVER been proven to lower sex drive, cause permenent brain damage, increase chances of being infertle, lower ability to learn, decrease chances of getting good grades in school, cause overdose (the crazyest of all the stupid rumors) or any of the other insane, idiotic bull(****) propaganda that the government has been feeding our country for decades.

Perhaps it might interest you to know why marjiana was originally made illegal in the first place. This was back in the 1920s I believe, when a certain newspaper published an article saying that marjiana crops were expected to make the highest profit again that year. I suppose you may not have known that weed serves many purposes beyond a recreational drug. It is also a much better source of paper than our current uses (can make more sheets using less plant), makes furnature and a whole lot of other uses. In fact our very constitution was written on hemp paper. Anyway, a bunch of other companies, who were doing pretty well (the sellers of paper, tobacco, etc) didn't like this very much, and bingo it became an illegal drug on the basis that when smoked it would make black men look twice at white women.

This was until the sixties when it became legal to grow, as long as one had a permit. The only issue? It was illegal to grow without a permit and the only way to get a permit was to have all ready been growing it for a bit. Then, in the seventies that law went, but there was a new medical cannibus prgram that peaked in the 80s, but was destroyed around the early 90s as our current president was promitng a huge anti-drug campaign and his cancer program didn't work very well with that. That's why while weed is legal for medical use in such places as California, the supply has to be hidden because the federal law still is against it, despite it's legalization in the state law. And throughout all this six people in the country still recieve federally funded weed, which they will until the day they die.

If you are going to condem weed you have a much better chance condeming ciggerates. I bet that's something the DARE program never taught you, that weed is actually a much more benifical substance than ciggerates, and much, much, much better than alcohol. Please, think for yourself.


History of Marjiana
http://www.jackherer.com/chapters.html

Marjiana does not cause permenent brain damage
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12412835&dopt=Abstract

Marjiana Myths Debunked
http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_myth.shtml

drugs are against the law. So, random drug testing SHOULDN'T be a problem, because no one should be doing them anyways.

It doesn't matter how smart a stoner is, they're still doing something insanely stupid that is only going to harm them and is also against the law.

-Lydia

My school has it.Some people think that it's not random becasue they've been picked every singel time.I don't really know.I haven't gottem picked yet.

I think its a little wrong, but not unconstitutional. They should tell you when you enter a club/sport that you may be tested. You may even need to sign a form saying you consent to be in the club/sport. Then there is nothing wrong with it.

"Personally, I belive this policy would be unconstitional " How can this be unconstitutional, Roan, when (1) no where in the constitution does it talk about privacy and (2) the supreme court has allready decided that random drug testing for students who participate in extracurricular activites is not unconstitutional? Do you think you are more righteous than our constitution and Supreme Court?

Kind of new to this site but I think that the random testing is both good and bad...yes it is a violation but it does show kids that the school authorities mean business. I am not one that was ever into drugs...I don't even take aspirin for headaches... [EMAIL]null[/EMAIL]